We review the ecotoxicological effects documented on freshwater and marine species that demonstrate the importance of the relationship between the ENM/P design and their biological outcomes in terms of environmental safety. Specifically, we focused on silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) due to an increasing number of nanoproducts containing AgNPs, as well as an increasing knowledge about these nanomaterials (NMs) and their effects. This article aims to review the critical characteristics of the ENM/Ps that need to be addressed in the safe by design process to develop ENM/Ps with the ablility to reduce/minimize any potential toxicological risks for living beings associated with their exposure. These rebounds on ENM/P safety and newly developed concepts such as the safety by design are gaining importance in the field of sustainable nanotechnologies. Engineered nanomaterial and nanoparticle (ENM/P) effects on humans and the environment are complex and largely depend on the interplay between their peculiar properties such as size, shape, coating, surface charge, and degree of agglomeration or aggregation and those of the receiving media/body. However, the augmented production and wide applications of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and nanoparticles (NPs) inevitably lead to environmental exposure with consequences on human and environmental health. Nanotechnologies have rapidly grown, and they are considered the new industrial revolution. 3Laboratorio de Ictiología, Instituto Nacional de Limnología (INALI), CONICET, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.2Universidad de Buenos Aires, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Instituto de Química y Metabolismo del Fármaco (IQUIMEFA), Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
1Department of Physical, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy.Ilaria Corsi 1, Martin Federico Desimone 2 and Jimena Cazenave 3*
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